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? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 1 features security ? two programmable 64-bit encoder keys ? 16/32-bit bi-directional challenge and response using one of two keys ? 69-bit transmission length ? 32-bit unidirectional code hopping, 37-bit non- encrypted portion ? encoder keys are read protected ? programmable 28/32-bit serial number ? 60/64-bit, read-protected seed for secure learning ? three iff encryption algorithms ? delayed increment mechanism ? asynchronous transponder communication ? queuing information transmitted operating ? 2.0v - 6.6v operation, 13v encoder only operation ? three switch inputs [s2, s1, s0]?seven functions ? batteryless bi-directional transponder ? selectable baud rate and code word blanking ? automatic code word completion ? battery low signal transmitted ? non-volatile synchronization ? pwm or manchester rf encoding ? combined transmitter, transponder operation ? anti-collision of multiple transponders ? passive proximity activation ? device protected against reverse battery ? intelligent damping for high q lc-circuits other ? 37-bit nonencrypted part contains 28/32-bit serial number, 4/0-bit function code, 1-bit battery low, 2-bit crc, 2-bit queue ? simple programming interface ? on-chip tunable rc oscillator (10%) ? on-chip eeprom ? 64-bit user eeprom in transponder mode ? battery-low led indication ? sqtp serialization quick-time programming ? 8-pin pdip/soic/tssop and die package types block diagram typical applications ? automotive remote entry systems ? automotive alarm systems ? automotive immobilizers ? gate and garage openers ? electronic door locks (home/office/hotel) ? burglar alarm systems ? proximity access control HCS410 s0 s1 s2/led lc1 v dd lc0 pwm gnd 18 2 3 4 7 6 5 pdip, soic HCS410 s2/led lc1 gnd pwm 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 s1 s0 v dd lc0 tssop oscillator configuration register power control wake-up logic address decoding eeprom debounce control and queuer led control pwm driver ppm detector pwm ppm manch. encoder transponder circuitry control logic and counters encryption/increment logic register v dd s0 s1 s2 lci0 lci1 pwm *secure learn patent pending. HCS410 k ee l oq ? code hopping encoder and transponder 40158f.book page 1 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 2 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. description the HCS410 is a code hopping transponder device designed for secure entry systems. the HCS410 uti- lizes the patented k eeloq ? code hopping system and bi-directional challenge-and-response for logical and physical access control. high security learning mecha- nisms make this a turnkey solution when used with the k eeloq decoders. the encoder keys and synchroniza- tion information are stored in protected on-chip eeprom. a low cost batteryless transponder can be imple- mented with the addition of an inductor and two capac- itors. a packaged module including the inductor and capacitor will also be offered. a single HCS410 can be used as an encoder for remote keyless entry (rke) and a transponder for immobilization in the same circuit and thereby dramat- ically reducing the cost of hybrid transmitter/transpon- der circuits. 1.0 system overview 1.1 key terms ? anti-collision ? allows two transponders to be in the files simultaneously and be verified individu- ally. ? ch mode ? code hopping mode. the HCS410 transmits a 69-bit transmission each time it is acti- vated, with at least 32-bits changing each time the encoder is activated. ? encoder key ? a unique 64-bit key generated and programmed into the encoder during the manu- facturing process. the encoder key controls the encryption algorithm and is stored in eeprom on the encoder device. ?iff ? identify friend or foe is a means of validating a token. a decoder sends a random challenge to the token and checks that the response of the token is a valid response. ?k ee l oq encryption algorithm ? the high security level of the HCS410 is based on the patented k ee l oq technology. a block cipher encryption algorithm based on a block length of 32 bits and a key length of 64 bits is used. the algorithm obscures the information in such a way that even if the unencrypted/challenge information differs by only one bit from the information in the previous transmission/challenge, the next coded transmis- sion/response will be totally different. statistically, if only one bit in the 32-bit string of information changes, approximately 50 percent of the coded transmission will change. ?learn ? the hcs product family facilitates several learning strategies to be implemented on the decoder. the following are examples of what can be done. normal learn ?the receiver uses the same infor- mation that is transmitted during normal operation to derive the transmitter?s encoder key, decrypt the dis- crimination value and the synchronization counter. secure learn* ? the transmitter is activated through a special button combination to transmit a stored 60-bit value (random seed) that can be used for key generation or be part of the key. transmission of the random seed can be disabled after learning is com- pleted. ? manufacturer?s code ? a 64-bit word, unique to each manufacturer, used to produce a unique encoder key in each transmitter (encoder). ? passive proximity activation ? when the HCS410 is brought into in a magnetic field without a command given by the base station, the HCS410 can be programmed to give an rf transmission. ? transport code ? a 32-bit transport code needs to be given before the HCS410 can be inductively programmed. this prevents accidental programming of the HCS410. 40158f.book page 2 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 3 1.2 k ee l oq code hopping encoders when the HCS410 is used as a code hopping encoder device, it is ideally suited to keyless entry systems, primarily for vehicles and home garage door openers. it is meant to be a cost-effective, yet secure solution to such systems. the encoder portion of a keyless entry system is meant to be carried by the user and operated to gain access to a vehicle or restricted area. most keyless entry systems transmit the same code from a transmitter every time a button is pushed. the relative number of code combinations for a low end system is also a relatively small number. these shortcomings provide the means for a sophisticated thief to create a device that ?grabs? a transmission and retransmits it later or a device that scans all possible combinations until the correct one is found. the HCS410 employs the k ee l oq code hopping tech- nology and an encryption algorithm to achieve a high level of security. code hopping is a method by which the code transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver is different every time a button is pushed. this method, coupled with a transmission length of 69 bits, virtually eliminates the use of code ?grabbing? or code ?scanning?. the HCS410 has a small eeprom array which must be loaded with several parameters before use. the most important of these values are: ? a 28/32-bit serial number which is meant to be unique for every encoder ? 64-bit seed value ? a 64-bit encoder key that is generated at the time of production ? a 16-bit synchronization counter value. ? configuration options the 16-bit synchronization counter value is the basis for the transmitted code changing for each transmis- sion, and is updated each time a button is pressed. because of the complexity of the code hopping encryp- tion algorithm, a change in one bit of the synchroniza- tion counter value will result in a large change in the actual transmitted code. once the encoder detects that a button has been pressed, the encoder reads the button and updates the synchronization counter. the synchronization counter value, the function bits, and the discrimination value are then combined with the encoder key in the encryption algorithm, and the output is 32 bits of encrypted information (figure 1-1). the code hopping portion provides up to four billion changing code com- binations. this data will change with every button press, hence, it is referred to as the code hopping portion of the code word. the 32-bit code hopping portion is combined with the button information and the serial number to form the code word transmitted to the receiver. the code word format is explained in detail in section 2.2. figure 1-1: basic operation of a code hopping transmitter (encoder) k ee l oq ? algorithm button press information encryption eeprom array 32 bits of encrypted data serial number transmitted information encoder key sync counter serial number 40158f.book page 3 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 4 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 1.3 k ee l oq iff the HCS410 can be used as an iff transponder for verification of a token. in iff mode the HCS410 is ide- ally suited for authentication of a key before disarming a vehicle immobilizer. once the key has been inserted in the car?s ignition the decoder would inductively poll the key validating it before disarming the immobilizer. iff validation of the token involves a random challenge being sent by a decoder to a token. the token then generates a response to the challenge and sends this response to the decoder (figure 1-2). the decoder cal- culates an expected response using the same chal- lenge. the expected response is compared to the response received from the token. if the responses match, the token is identified as a valid token and the decoder can take appropriate action. the HCS410 can do either 16 or 32-bit iff. the HCS410 has two encryption algorithms that can be used to generate a response to a challenge. in addition there are up to two encoder keys that can be used by the HCS410. typically each HCS410 will be pro- grammed with a unique encoder key(s). in iff mode, the HCS410 will wait for a command from the base station and respond to the command. the command can either request a read/write from user eeprom or an iff challenge response. a given 16 or 32-bit challenge will produce a unique 16/32-bit response, based on the iff key and iff algorithm used. figure 1-2: basic operation of an iff token iff key serial number k ee l oq ? iff algorithm serial number eeprom array challenge received from decoder response read by decoder 40158f.book page 4 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 5 2.0 device operation the HCS410 can either operate as a normal code hop- ping transmitter with one or two iff keys (figure 2-1) or as purely an iff token with two iff keys (figure 2-2 and figure 2-3). when used as a code hopping trans- mitter the HCS410 only needs the addition of buttons and rf circuitry for use as a transmitter. adding the transponder function to the transmitter requires the addition of an inductor and two capacitors as shown in figure 2-1 and figure 2-2. a description of each pin is given in table 2-1. table 2-2 shows the function codes for using the HCS410. figure 2-1: combined transmitter/ transponder circuit figure 2-2: transponder circuit figure 2-3: 2-wire, 1 or 2-key iff token figure 2-4 shows how to use the HCS410 with a 12v battery as a code hopping transmitter. the circuit uses the internal regulator, normally used for charging a capacitor/battery in lc mode, to generate a 6v supply for the HCS410. figure 2-4: HCS410 encoder with 12v battery figure 2-5: led connection to s2/led output figure 2-6: lc pin block diagram 18 rf 2 3 4 7 6 5 1 f 18 2 3 4 7 6 5 1 f 18 2 3 4 7 6 5 1 f data i/o 18 rf 2 3 4 7 6 5 6.3v 12v pulse v dd s2/led 220 220 60k 30 v dd 6.3v damp out mod detector rectifier, damping, clamping 15v 15v 100 100 lc1 lc0 40158f.book page 5 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 6 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 2.1 pinout description the HCS410 has the same footprint as all of the other devices in the k ee l oq family, except for the two pins that are reserved for transponder operations and the led that is now located at the same position as the s2 switch input. ? s[0:1] ? are inputs with schmitt trigger detectors and an internal 60k? (nominal) pull-down resistors. ? s2/led ? uses the same input detection circuit as s0/s1 but with an added pmos transistor con- nected to v dd capable of sourcing enough current to drive an led. ? lc[0:1] ? is the transponder interface pins to be connected to an lc circuit for inductive communi- cation. lc0 is connected to a detector for data input. data output is achieved by clamping lc0 and lc1 to gnd through two nmos transistors. these pins are also connected to a rectifier and a regulator, providing power to the rest of the logic and for charging an external power source (bat- tery/capacitor) through v dd . the input impedance of the lc pins is a function of input voltage. at low voltages, the input impedance is in the order of mega-ohms. when laying out a pc board, care should be taken to ensure that there is no cross coupling between the lc pins and other traces on the board. glitches on the lc lines will cause the device to reset. a high-value resistor (220 kw) between lc0 and gnd can be added to reduce sensitivity. table 2-1: pinout description name pin number description s0 1 switch input 0 s1 2 switch input 1 s2/led 3 switch input 2/led output, clock pin for programming mode lc1 4 transponder interface pin v ss 5 ground reference connection pwm 6 pulse width modulation (pwm) output pin/data pin for programming mode lc0 7 transponder interface pin v dd 8 positive supply voltage connection table 2-2: function codes lc0 s2 s1 s0 comments 1 0001 normal code hopping transmission 2 0010 normal code hopping transmission 3 0011 delayed seed transmission if allowed by seed and tmpsd/normal code hopping transmission 4 0100 normal code hopping transmission 5 0101 normal code hopping transmission 6 0110 normal code hopping transmission 7 0111 immediate seed transmission if allowed by seed and tmpsd/normal code hopping transmission 8 1000 transponder mode 40158f.book page 6 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 7 2.2 code hopping mode (ch mode) the HCS410 wakes up upon detecting a switch closure and then delays approximately 30 ms for switch debounce (figure 2-7). the synchronization counter value, fixed information, and switch information are encrypted to form the code hopping portion. the encrypted or code hopping portion of the transmission changes every time a button is pressed, even if the same button is pushed again. keeping a button pressed for a long time results in the same code word being transmitted until the button is released or time- out occurs. a code that has been transmitted will not occur again for more than 64k transmissions. overflow information programmed into the encoder can be used by the decoder to extend the number of unique trans- missions to more than 192k. if, during the transmit process, it is detected that a new button(s) has been added, a reset will immediately be forced and the code word will not be completed. please note that buttons removed will not have any effect on the code word unless no buttons remain pressed in which case the current code word will be completed and the power down will occur. if, after a button combi- nation is pressed, and the same button combination is pressed again within 2 seconds of the first press, the current transmission will be aborted and a new trans- figure 2-7: code hopping encoder operation 20-second time-out no transmitted 2 second time-out completed? all buttons released? sample inputs update sync info encrypt with transmit encoder key power-up (a button has been pressed (note1) ) buttons added? ye s ye s ye s no (note 1) 7 complete code words? complete current code word while checking buttons (note 2) stop transmitting dinc set? power down buttons pressed? (note 1) same as previous press? increment queue counter 20 second time-out completed? buttons pressed? (note 1) increase sync counter by 12 immediately ye s ye s no ye s ye s no no no ye s no ye s no no note 1: 30 ms debounce on press and release of all buttons. 2: completes a minimum of 3 code words if mtx3 is set. no dinc set? ye s ye s no 40158f.book page 7 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 8 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 2.2.1 transmission data format the HCS410 transmission (ch mode) is made up of several parts (figure 2-10 and figure 2-11). each transmission is begun with a preamble and a header, followed by the encrypted and then the fixed data. the actual data is 69 bits which consists of 32 bits of encrypted data and 37 bits of fixed data. each trans- mission is followed by a guard period before another transmission can begin. refer to table 6-4 and table 6-5 for transmission timing specifications. the combined encrypted and nonencrypted sections increase the number of combinations to 1.47 x 10 20 . the HCS410 transmits a 69-bit code word when a but- ton is pressed. the 69-bit word is constructed from a fixed code portion and code hopping portion (figure 2-8). the encrypted data is generated from 4 function bits, 2 overflow bits, and 10 discrimination bits, and the 16- bit synchronization counter value (figure 2-8). the nonencrypted code data is made up of 2 que bits, 2 crc bits, a v low bit, 4 function bits, and the 28-bit serial number. if the extended serial number (32 bits) is selected, the 4 function code bits will not be transmitted (figure 2-8). figure 2-8: hop code word organization (right-most bit is clocked out first) figure 2-9: seed code word organization fixed code data encrypted code data 69 bits of data tr a n s m i t t e d msb lsb crc (2 bit) v low (1 bit) button status* (4 bits) 28-bit serial number overflow (2 bits) bits (10 bits) 16-bit synchronization crc (2 bits) v low (1 bit) + serial number and button status (32 bits) + 32 bits of encrypted data que que (q1, q0 s2 s1 s0 0 button status (4 bits) s2 s1 s0 0 (2 bits) bit) counter value discrimination and * optional. fixed code data 69 bits of data tr a n s m i t t e d crc (2 bit) v low (1 bit) button* status (4 bits) crc (2 bits) v low (1 bit) + que que0 (q1, q0 s2 s1 s0 0 (2 bits) bit) unencrypted button (4 bits) seed (60 bits) + seed * optional. 40158f.book page 8 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 9 2.2.2 transmission data module the data modulation format is selectable between pulse width modulation (pwm) format and manchester encoding. both formats are preceded by a preamble and synchronization header, followed by the 69-bits of data. manchester encoding has a leading and closing ?1? for each code word. the same code word is continuously sent as long as the input pins are kept high with a guard time separat- ing the code words. all of the timing values are in mul- tiples of a basic timing element (t e ), which can be changed using the baud rate option bits. figure 2-10: transmission format?manch = 0 figure 2-11: transmission format?manch = 1 logic "1" code word guard time preamble sync encrypted tx data fixed code bit logic "0" 1 2 3579 46810 t e code word: total transmission: preamble sync encrypt fixed guard 1 code word 12 45 6 preamble sync encrypt 14 15 16 t e data t e guard preamble sync encrypted fixed code logic "0" 1 2 3 4 t e code word: total transmission: sync encrypt fixed guard 1 code word 12 456 preamble sync encrypt 14 15 16 logic "1" start bit stop bit code word preamble time data data 40158f.book page 9 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 10 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 2.3 code hopping mode special features 2.3.1 code word completion code word completion is an automatic feature that ensures that the entire code word is transmitted, even if the button is released before the transmission is com- plete. the HCS410 encoder powers itself up when a button is pushed and powers itself down after the com- mand is finished (figure 2-7). if mtx3 is set in the con- figuration word, a minimum of three transmissions will be transmitted when the HCS410 is activated, even if the buttons are released. if less than seven words have been transmitted when the buttons are released, the HCS410 will complete the current word. if more than seven words have been transmitted, and the button is released, the pwm out- put is immediately switched off. 2.3.2 code word blanking enable federal communications commission (fcc) part 15 rules specify the limits on fundamental power and harmonics that can be transmitted. power is calculated on the worst case average power transmitted in a 100ms window. it is therefore advantageous to minimize the duty cycle of the transmitted word. this can be achieved by minimizing the duty cycle of the individual bits and by blanking out consecutive words. code word blanking enable (cwbe) is used for reducing the average power of a transmission (figure 2-12). using the cwbe allows the user to transmit a higher amplitude transmission if the transmission length is shorter. the fcc puts constraints on the average power that can be transmitted by a device, and cwbe effectively prevents continuous transmission by only allowing the transmission of every second or fourth word. this reduces the average power transmitted and hence, assists in fcc approval of a transmitter device. the HCS410 will either transmit all code words, 1 in 2 or 1 in 4 code words, depending on the baud rate selected and the code word blanking option. see section 3.7 for additional details. 2.3.3 crc (cycle redundancy check) bits the crc bits are calculated on the 65 previously trans- mitted bits. the crc bits can be used by the receiver to check the data integrity before processing starts. the crc can detect all single bit and 66% of double bit errors. the crc is computed as follows: equation 2-1: crc calculation and with and di n the nth transmission bit 0 e n e 64 figure 2-12: code word blanking enable crc 1 [] n 1 + crc 0 [] n di n = crc 0 [] n 1 + crc 0 [] n di n () crc 1 [] n = crc 10 , [] 0 0 = one code word cwbe disabled (all words transmitted) cwbe enabled (1 out of 2 transmitted) a 2a amplitude cwbe enabled (1 out of 4 transmitted) 4a time ?patents have been applied for. 40158f.book page 10 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 11 2.3.4 seed transmission in order to increase the level of security in a system, it is possible for the receiver to implement what is known as a secure learning function. this can be done by uti- lizing the seed value on the HCS410 which is stored in eeprom. instead of the normal key generation method being used to create the encoder key, this seed value is used and there should not be any mathemati- cal relationship between serial numbers and seeds for the best security. see section 3.7.3 for additional details. 2.3.5 passive proximity activation if the HCS410 is brought into a magnetic field it enters iff mode. in this mode it sends out ack pulses on the lc lines. if the HCS410 doesn't receive any response to the first set of ack pulses within 50 ms the HCS410 will transmit a normal code hopping transmission for 2 seconds if xprf is set in the configuration word. the function code during this transmission is s2:s0 = 000. 2.3.6 auto-shutoff the auto-shutoff function automatically stops the device from transmitting if a button inadvertently gets pressed for a long period of time. this will prevent the device from draining the battery if a button gets pressed while the transmitter is in a pocket or purse. time-out period is approximately 20 seconds. 2.3.7 v low : voltage low indicator the v low bit is transmitted with every transmission (figure 2-8). v low is set when the operating voltage has dropped below the low voltage trip point, approxi- mately 2.2v or 4.4v selectable at 25c. this v low sig- nal is transmitted so the receiver can give an indication to the user that the transmitter battery is low. 2.3.8 que0:que1: queuing information if a button is pressed, released for more than 30 ms, and pressed again within 2 seconds of the first press, the que counter is increm ented (figure 2-7). the transmission that the HCS410 is busy with is aborted and a new transmission is begun with the new que bits set. these bits can be used by the decoder to perform secondary functions using only a single button without the requirement that the decoder receive more than one completed transmission. for example if none of the que bits are set the decoder only unlocks the driver?s door, if que0 is set (double press on the trans- mitter) the decoder unlocks all the doors. figure 2-13: que counter timing diagram note 1: the que will not overflow. 2: the button must be pressed for more than 50 ms. input sx dio transmission 1st button press all buttons released 2nd button press t low >30 ms t = 0 t > 50 ms t <2 s t = 0 que = 00 2 que = 01 2 40158f.book page 11 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 12 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 2.3.9 led output the s2/led line can be used to drive a led when the HCS410 is transmitting. if this option is enabled in the configuration word the s2 line is driven high periodi- cally when the HCS410 is transmitting as shown in figure 2-14. the led output operates with a 30 ms on and 480 ms off duty cycle when the supply voltage is above the level indicated by the v low bit in the config- uration word. when the supply voltage drops below the voltage indicated by the vlow bit the HCS410 will indi- cate this by turning the led on for 200ms at the start of a transmission and remain off for the rest of the trans- mission. 2.3.10 delayed increment the HCS410 has a delayed increment feature that increments the counter by 12, 20 seconds after the last button press occurred. the 20-second time-out is reset and the queue counter will increment if another press occurs before the 20 seconds expires. the queue counter is cleared after the buttons have been released for more than 2 seconds. systems that use this feature will circumvent the latest jamming-code grabbing attackers. 2.3.11 other configurable options other configurable code hopping options include an ? transmission-rate selection ? extended serial number. these are described in more detail in section 3.7. figure 2-14: led indication during transmission 200 ms 200 ms 480 ms 30 ms s input led v dd = v low level led v dd < v low level 40158f.book page 12 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 13 2.4 iff mode iff mode allows the decoder to perform an iff valida- tion, to write to the user eeprom and to read from the user eeprom. each operation consists of the decoder sending an opcode data and the HCS410 giving a response. there are two iff modes: iff1 and iff2. iff1 allows only one key iff, while iff2 allows two keys to be used. it is possible to use the HCS410 as an iff token with- out using a magnetic field for coupling. the HCS410 can be directly connected to the data line of the decoder as shown in figure 2-3. the HCS410 gets its power from the data line as it would in normal transpon- der mode. the communication is identical to the com- munication used in transponder mode. 2.4.1 iff mode activation the HCS410 will enter iff mode if the capacitor/induc- tor resonant circuit generates a voltage greater than approximately 1.0 volts on lc0. after the verified appli- cation of power and elapse of the normal reset period, the device will start responding by pulsing the data line (lc0/1) with pulses as shown in figure 2-17. this action will continue until the pulse train is terminated by receiving a start signal of duration 2t e , on the lc inputs before the next expected marker pulse. the device now enters the iff mode and expects to receive an ?opcode? and a 0/16/32-bit data-stream to react on. the data rate (t e ) is determined by the tbsl bits in the configuration word. see section 3.0 for additional details. 2.4.2 iff decoder commands as shown in figure 2-15, a logic 1 and 0 are differenti- ated by the time between two rising edges. a long pulse indicates a 1; a short pulse, a 0. figure 2-15: modulation for iff communication figure 2-16: overview of iff operation note: when iff2 is enabled, seed transmissions will not be allowed. 0 1 3 t e t e 5 t e 0 1 t e t e 2 t e t e start or previous bit t e ppm decoder commands ppm encoder response activate opcode 32/16-bit challenge 32/16-bit iff response opcode activate opcode 16-bit data ok opcode activate opcode 16-bit data iff write read opcode 40158f.book page 13 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 14 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 2-17: decoder iff commands and waveforms ack pulses opcode tra n s p o r t code 32 bits ack writing bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 t bitc t e data 16 bits t otd t ttd t wr only when writing serial number, config or iff programming serial number 1 to 32 bits encoder select ack 0 0 0 0 0 ack pulses challenge 16/32 bits response 16/32 bits ack pulses opcode t otd response start t rt 16 bits 01 ack pulses read write/program challenge encoder select 2 t e repeat 18 times for programming 3t e 3t e t e t wr t wr preamble 01 preamble table 2-3: iff timing parameters parameter symbol minimum typical maximum units time element iffb = 0 iffb = 1 t e ? ? 200 100 ? ? s ppm command bit time data = 1 data = 0 t bitc 3.5 5.5 4 6 ? ? t e ppm response bit time data = 1 data = 0 t bitr ? ? 2 3 ? ? t e ppm command minimum high time t pmh 1.5 ? ? t e response time (minimum for read) t rt 6.5 ? ? ms opcode to data input time t otd 1.8 ? ? ms transport code to data input time t ttd 6.8 ? ? ms iff eeprom write time (16 bits) t wr ??30ms 40158f.book page 14 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 15 2.4.3 HCS410 responses the responses from the HCS410 are in ppm format. see figure 2-17 for additional information. every response from the HCS410 is preceded by a ?2 bit pre- amble? of 01 2 , and then 16/32 bits of data. 2.4.4 iff response the 16/32-bit response to a 16/32-bit challenge, is transmitted once, after which the device is ready to accept another command. the same applies to the result of a read command. the opcode written to the device specifies the challenge length and algorithm used. the response always starts with a leading pre- amble of 01 2 followed by the 16/32 bits of data. 2.4.5 iff write the decoder can write to user[0:3], ser[0:1], and the configuration word in the eeprom. after the HCS410 has written the word into the eeprom, it will give two acknowledge pulses (t e wide and t e apart) on the lc pins. when writing to the serial number or configuration word, the user must send the transport code before the write will begin (section 3.4) . 2.4.6 iff read the decoder can read user[0:3], ser[0:1], and the configuration word in the eeprom. after the data has been read, the device is ready to receive a command again. each read command is followed by a 16-bit data response. the response always starts with a leading preamble of 01 2 and then the 16-bits of data. 2.4.7 iff programming upon receiving a programming opcode and the trans- port code, the eeprom is erased (section 3.4). there- after, the first 16 bits of data can be written. after indicating that a write command has been successfully completed the device is ready to receive the next 16 bits. after a complete memory map was received, it will be transmitted in ppm format on the lc pins as 16-bit words. this enables wireless programming of the device. after the eeprom is erased, the configuration word is reloaded. this results in oscillator tuning bits of 0000 being used during programming. when using iff pro- gramming, the user should read the configuration word and store the oscillator bits in the memory map to be programmed. a program command should be sent and the next set of ack pulses transmitted by the HCS410 should be used to determine the t e . a second program command can then be sent, and the device pro- grammed using the t e just calibrated. note: if the configuration word is written, the device must be reset to allow the new con- figuration settings to come into effect. 40158f.book page 15 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 16 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 2.5 iff opcodes table 2-4: list of iff commands command description expected data in response 00000 select HCS410, used if anti- collision enabled 1 to 32 bits of the serial number (ser) encoder select acknowledge if ser match 00001 read configuration word none 16-bit configuration word 00010 read low serial number none lower 16 bits of serial number (ser0) 00011 read high serial number none higher 16 bits of serial number (ser1) 00100 read user area 0 none 16 bits of user eeprom usr0 00101 read user area 1 none 16 bits of user eeprom usr1 00110 read user area 2 none 16 bits of user eeprom usr2 00111 read user area 3 none 16 bits of user eeprom usr3 01000 program HCS410 eeprom transport code (32 bits); com- plete memory map: 18 x 16 bit words (288 bits) write acknowledge pulse after each 16-bit word, 288 bits trans- mitted in 18 bursts of 16-bit words 01001 write configuration word transport code (32 bits); 16 bit configuration word write acknowledge pulse 01010 write low serial number transport code (32 bits); lower 16 bits of serial number (ser0) write acknowledge pulse 01011 write high serial number transport code (32 bits); higher 16 bits of serial number (ser1) write acknowledge pulse 01100 write user area 0 16 bits of user eeprom usr0 write acknowledge pulse 01101 write user area 1 16 bits of user eeprom usr1 write acknowledge pulse 01110 write user area 2 16 bits of user eeprom usr2 write acknowledge pulse 01111 write user area 3 16 bits of user eeprom usr3 write acknowledge pulse 1x000 iff1 using key-1 and iff algorithm 32-bit challenge 32-bit response 1x001 iff1 using key-1 and hop algorithm 32-bit challenge 32-bit response 1x100 iff2 32-bit using key-2 and iff algorithm 32-bit challenge 32-bit response 1x101 iff2 32-bit using key-2 and hop algorithm 32-bit challenge 32-bit response 40158f.book page 16 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 17 2.6 iff special features 2.6.1 anti-collision (acoli) when the acoli bit is set in the configuration word, anti-collision mode is entered. the HCS410 will start sending ack pulses when it enters a magnetic field. the ack pulses stop as soon as the HCS410 detects a start bit from the decoder. a ?select encoder? opcode (00000) is then sent out by the decoder, followed by a 32-bit serial number. if the serial number matches the HCS410?s serial number, the HCS410 will acknowl- edge with the acknowledge sequence as shown in figure 2-18. the HCS410 can then be addressed as normal. if the serial number does not match, the iff encoder will stop transmitting ack pulses until it is either removed from the field or the correct serial num- ber is given. figure 2-18: serial number correct acknowledge sequence 2.6.2 transponder in/rf out when in transponder mode with acoli and xprf set, the outputs of the HCS410?s lc0:lc1 pins are echoed on the pwm output line. after transmitting the data on the lc pins, the data is then transmitted on the pwm line. the transmission format mirrors a code hopping transmission. the response replaces the 32-bit code hopping portion of the transmission. if the response is a 16-bit response, the 16 bits are duplicated to make up the 32-bit code hopping portion. the preamble, serial number, crc, and queuing bits are all transmitted as normal (figure 2-19). this feature will be used in applications which use rf for long distance unidirectional authentication and short distance iff. 2.6.3 intelligent damping if the lc circuit on the transponder has a high q-factor, the circuit will keep on resonating for a long time after the field has been shut down by the decoder. this makes fast communication from the decoder to the HCS410 difficult. if the idamp bit is set to 0, the HCS410 will clamp the lc pins for 5 s every 1/4 t e , whenever the HCS410 is expecting data from the decoder. the intelligent dumping pulses start 64 t e after the acknowledge pulses have been sent and con- tinue for 64 t e . if the hsc410 detects data from the base station while sending out dump pulses, the dump pulses will continue to be sent. this option can be set in the configuration word. 2.7 led indicator if a signal is detected on lc0, the led pin goes high for 30 ms every 8s (iffb = 0) or 4s (iffb 1) to indicate that the power source is charging. figure 2-19: iff inductive in rf out figure 2-20: led indicator when charging power source lc0/1 t e t e 3 t e 3 t e note: if code word blanking is enabled, the HCS410 will not give any ack pulses after a read, write or iff. preamble header response (32 bits) fixed code (37 bits) pwm lci0/1 32-bit response 16-bit response 16-bit response encoder select ack opcode (read) response (2*+16 bits) next ack *2-bit preamble precedes the data. lc0 led iffb = 0 led iffb = 1 4s 8s 30 ms 2s 4s 30 ms *patents have been applied for. 40158f.book page 17 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 18 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 3.0 eeprom organization and configuration the HCS410 has nonvolatile eeprom memory which is used to store user programmable options. this infor- mation includes encoder keys, serial number, and up to 64-bits of user information. the HCS410 has two modes in which it operates as specified by the configuration word. in the first mode the HCS410 has a single encoder key which is used for encrypting the code hopping portion of a ch mode transmission and generating a response during iff val- idation. seed transmissions are allowed in this mode. in the second mode the HCS410 is a transponder device with two encoder keys. the two different operating modes of the HCS410 lead to different eeprom memory maps. in iff1 mode, the HCS410 can act as a code hopping encoder with seed transmission, and as an iff token with one key. in iff2 mode, the HCS410 is able to act as a code hop- ping transmitter and an iff token with two encoder keys. 3.1 encoder key 1 and 2 the 64-bit encoder key1 is used by the transmitter to create the encrypted message transmitted to the receiver in code hopping mode. an iff operation, can use encoder key1 or key2 to generate the response to a challenge received. the key(s) is created and pro- grammed at the time of production using a key genera- tion algorithm. inputs to the key generation algorithm are the serial number or seed for the particular transmitter being used and a secret manufacturer?s code. while a number of key generation algorithms are supplied by microchip, a user may elect to create their own method of key generation. this may be done pro- viding that the decoder is programmed with the same means of creating the key for decryption purposes. if a seed is used (ch mode), the seed will also form part of the input to the key generation algorithm. 3.2 discrimination value and overflow the discrimination value forms part of the code hop- ping portion of a code hopping transmission. the least significant 10 bits of the discrimination value are typi- cally set to the least significant bits of the serial number. the most significant 2 bits of the discrimination value are the overflow bits (ovr1: ovr0). these are used to extend the range of the synchronization counter. when the synchronization counter wraps from ffff 16 to 0000 16 ovr0 is cleared and the second time a wrap occurs ovr1 is cleared. once cleared, the overflow bits cannot be set again, thereby creating a permanent record of the counter overflow. 3.3 16-bit synchron ization counter this is the 16-bit synchronization counter value that is used to create the code hopping portion for transmis- sion. this value will be changed after every transmis- sion. the synchronization counter is not used in iff mode. iff1 mode 64-bit encoder key 1 64-bit seed/transport code (seed0, seed1, seed2, seed3) 32-bit serial number (ser0, ser1) 64-bit user area (usr0, usr1, user2, usr3) 10-bit discrimination value and 2 overflow bits. 16-bit synchronization counter configuration data iff2 mode 64-bit encoder key 1 64-bit encoder key 2/transport code 32-bit serial number (ser0, ser1) 64-bit user eeprom (usr0, usr1, user2, usr3) 10-bit discrimination value and 2 overflow bits. 16-bit synchronization counter configuration data *patents have been applied for. 40158f.book page 18 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 19 3.4 60/64-bit seed word/transport code this is the 60-bit seed code that is transmitted when seed transmission is selected. this allows the system designer to implement the secure learn feature or use this fixed code word as part of a different key genera- tion/tracking process or purely as a fixed code trans- mission. the seed is not available in iff2-mode. a seed transmission can be initiated in two ways, depending on the button inputs (figure 3-1). seed transmission is available for function codes (table 2-2) s[2:0] = 111 and s[2:0] = 011 (delayed). the delayed seed transmission starts with a normal code hopping transmission being transmitted for 3 seconds, before switching to a seed transmission. the two seed transmissions are shown in figure 3-1. the least significant 32-bits of the seed are used as the transport code. the transport code is used to write-pro- tect the serial number, configuration word, as well as preventing accidental programming of the HCS410 when in iff mode. 3.5 encoder serial number there are 32 bits allocated for the serial number and a selectable configuration bit (xser) determines whether 32 or 28 bits will be transmitted. the serial number is meant to be unique for every transmitter. 3.6 user data the 64-bit user eeprom can be reprogrammed and read at any time using the iff interface. figure 3-1: seed transmission note: if both seed and tmpsd are set, iff2 mode is enabled. all examples shown with xser = 1 & seed = 1 when s[2:0] = 111, the 3-second delay is not applicable: que [1:0], crc [1:0], seed_3 (12 bits) seed_2 seed_1 seed_0 data transmission direction for s[2:0] = 011 before the 3-second delay: 16-bit data word 16-bit counter encrypt ser_1 ser_0 encrypted data for s[2:0] = 011 after the 3-second delay (note 1) : data transmission direction note 1: for seed transmission, seed_3 and seed_2 are transmitted instead of ser_1 and ser_0, respectively. seed_3 (12 bits) seed_2 seed_1 seed_0 data transmission direction v low , s[2:0] que [1:0], crc [1:0] + v low , s [2:0] que [1:0], crc [1:0], v low , s [2:0] 40158f.book page 19 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 20 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 3.7 configuration data the configuration data is used to select various encoder options. further explanations of each of the bits are described in the following sections. 3.7.1 cwbe: code word blanking enable bsl: baud rate select selecting this option allows code blanking as shown in table 3-3. if this option is not selected, all code words are transmitted. 3.7.2 idamp: intelligent damping if idamp is set to ?1? intelligent damping is disabled. 3.7.3 seed, tmpsd: seed transmission * seed transmissions are allowed till the sychroniza- tion counter crosses a xx7f 16 boundary. e.g. if the counter is initialized to 0000 16 when the device is programmed, seed transmissions will be allowed until the counter wraps from 007f 16 to 0080 16 giving the user 127 transmissions before seed transmis- sions are disabled. 3.7.4 osc: oscillator tuning bits these bits allow the onboard oscillator to be tuned to within 10% of the nominal oscillator speed over both temperature and voltage. table 3-1: configuration options seed symbol description cwbe code word blanking enable idamp intelligent damping for high q lc tank. seed/ iff2 enable seed transmissions tmpsd/ iff2 temporary seed transmissions osc0:3 onboard oscillator tuning bits mtx3 minimum 3 code words transmitted vlow low voltage trip point selection led enable led output bsl0:1 baudrate select tbsl transponder baud rate manch manchester modulation mode acoli anti collision communication enable xprf passive proximity activation dinc delayed increment enable xser extended serial number seed tmpsd description 00 no seed/1 iff key 01 seed limited* 10 always enabled 11 iff2/no seed/2 iff keys table 3-2: oscillator tuning osc description 1000 fastest 1001 1010 ? ? ? 1111 faster 0000 nominal 0001 0010 ? ? ? 0110 slower 0111 slowest table 3-3: baud rate selection code hopping transmissions (t e ) transponder communication (t e ) bsl 1 bsl 0 pwm manchester codes word transmitted* tbsl ppm 00 400 s 800 s all 0 200 s 01 200 s 400 s1 of 2 ? ? 10 100 s 200 s1 of 2 ? ? 11 100 s 200 s 1 of 4 1 100 s note: *if code word blanking is enabled. 40158f.book page 20 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 21 3.7.5 mtx3: minimum code words completed if this bit is set, the HCS410 will transmit a minimum of 3 words before it powers itself down. if this bit is cleared, the HCS410 will only complete the current transmission. this feature will only work if v dd is con- nected directly to the battery as shown in figure 2-1. 3.7.6 v low : low voltage trip point the low voltage trip point select bit is used to tell the HCS410 what vdd level is being used. this information will be used by the device to determine when to send the voltage low signal to the receiver. when this bit is set, the vdd level is assumed to be operating from a 5 volt or 6 volt supply. if the bit is cleared, then the vdd level is assumed to be 3.0 volts. refer to figure 6-3 for voltage trip point. when the battery reaches the vlow point, the led will flash once for 200 ms on during a code hopping transmission. 3.7.7 led: output enable if this bit is set, the s2 doubles as an led output line. if this bit is cleared (0), s2 is only used as an input. 3.7.8 tbsl: transponder baud rate select this option selects the baud rate for iff communica- tion between a t e of 100 s or 200 s. 3.7.9 manch: manchester code encoding manch selects between manchester code modulation and pwm modulation in code hopping mode. if manch = 1, manchester code modulation is selected. if manch is cleared, pwm modulation is selected. 3.7.10 acoli: anti-collision communication and xprf : transponder echoing on pwm output acoli = 1, xprf = 0 if acoli is set the anti-collision operation during bi- directional transponder mode (iff) is enabled. this feature is useful in situations where multiple transpon- ders enter the magnetic field simultaneously. acoli = 0, xprf = 1 if xprf is set, and acoli is cleared, proximity activa- tion is enabled. the HCS410 starts sending out ack pulses when it detects a magnetic field. if the HCS410 doesn?t receive a start bit from the decoder within 50 ms of sending the first set of ack pulses, the HCS410 will transmit a code hopping transmission pwm pin for 2 seconds. acoli = 1, xprf = 1 if both the acoli and xprf are set, all of the HCS410 transponder responses are echoed on the pwm out- put, as described in section 2.6.2. 3.7.11 dinc: delayed increment if dinc is set to ?1?, the delayed increment feature is enabled. if dinc is cleared, the counter only incre- ments once each time the button is pressed. 3.7.12 xser: extended serial number if xser is set, bits 60 to 63 of the transmission are the most significant bits of the serial number or seed. if xser bit is cleared, bits 60 to 63 of the transmission are set to the function code used to activate the device (s2:s1:s0:0). 40158f.book page 21 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 22 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 4.0 integrating the HCS410 into a system use of the HCS410 in a system requires a compatible decoder. this decoder is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware. firmware routines that accept transmissions from the HCS410, decrypt the code hop- ping portion of the data stream and perform iff func- tions are available. these routines provide system designers the means to develop their own decoding system. 4.1 key generation the serial number for each transmitter is programmed by the manufacturer at the time of production. the generation of the encoder key is done using a key gen- eration algorithm (figure 4-1). typically, inputs to the key generation algorithm are the serial number of the transmitter or seed value, and a 64-bit manufacturer?s code. the manufacturer?s code is chosen by the sys- tem manufacturer and must be carefully controlled. the manufacturer?s code is a pivotal part of the overall system security. figure 4-1: creation and storage of encoder key during production transmitter manufacturer?s serial number or code encoder key key generation algorithm serial number encoder key sync counter . . . HCS410 eeprom array seed 40158f.book page 22 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 23 4.2 learning an HCS410 to a receiver in order for a transmitter to be used with a decoder, the transmitter must first be ?learned?. several learning strategies can be followed in the decoder implementa- tion. when a transmitter is learned to a decoder, it is suggested that the decoder stores the serial number and current synchronization counter value (synchroni- zation counter stored in ch mode only) in eeprom. the decoder must keep track of these values for every transmitter that is learned (figure 4-2 and figure 4-3). figure 4-2: typical ch mode learn sequence the maximum number of transmitters that can be learned is only a function of how much eeprom memory storage is available. the decoder must also store the manufacturer?s code in order to learn an HCS410, although this value will not change in a typical system so it is usually stored as part of the microcon- troller rom code. storing the manufacturer?s code as part of the rom code is also better for security rea- sons. figure 4-3: typical iff learn sequence enter learn mode wait for reception of a valid code generate key from serial number use generated key to decrypt compare discrimination value with fixed value equal wait for reception of second valid code compare discrimination value with fixed value use generated key to decrypt equal counters encoder key serial number synchronization counter sequential ? ? ? exit learn successful store: learn unsuccessful no no no ye s ye s ye s enter learn wait for token to be detected read generate key from serial perform iff with token compare token and expected response token and response equal? exit serial number no ye s learn successful serial number encoder key number store: mode 40158f.book page 23 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 24 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 4.3 ch mode decoder operation in a typical decoder operation (figure 4-4), the key generation on the decoder side is done by taking the serial number from a transmission and combining that with the manufacturer?s code to create the same encoder key that is stored in the HCS410. once the encoder key is obtained, the rest of the transmission can be decrypted. the decoder waits for a transmission and immediately checks the serial number to determine if it is a learned transmitter. if it is, the code hopping por- tion of the transmission is decrypted using the stored key. it uses the discrimination bits to determine if the decryption was valid. if everything up to this point is valid, the synchronization counter value is evaluated. figure 4-4: typical ch mode decoder operation ? transmission received does serial number match ? decrypt transmission is decryption valid ? is counter within 16 ? is counter within 32k ? update counter execute command save counter in temp location start no no no no ye s ye s ye s ye s ye s and no no 40158f.book page 24 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 25 4.3.1 synchronization with decoder the k ee l oq technology features a sophisticated synchronization technique (figure 4-5) which does not require the calculation and storage of future codes. if the stored counter value for that particular transmitter and the counter value that was just decrypted are within a window of say 16, the counter is stored and the command is executed. if the counter value was not within the single operation window, but is within the double operation window of say 32k window, the trans- mitted synchronization counter value is stored in tem- porary location and it goes back to waiting for another transmission. when the next valid transmission is received, it will compare the new value with the one in temporary storage. if the two values are sequential, it is assumed that the counter had just gotten out of the sin- gle operation ?window?, but is now back in sync, so the new synchronization counter value is stored and the command executed. if a transmitter has somehow got- ten out of the double operation window, the transmitter will not work and must be relearned. since the entire window rotates after each valid transmission, codes that have been used are part of the ?blocked? (32k) codes and are no longer valid. this eliminates the pos- sibility of grabbing a previous code and retransmitting to gain entry. figure 4-5: synchronization window figure 4-6: basic operation of a code hopping receiver (decoder) note: the synchronization method described in this section is only a typical implementation and because it is usually implemented in firmware, it can be altered to fit the needs of a particular system blocked entire window rotates to eliminate use of previously used codes current position (32k codes) double operation (32k codes) single operation window (16 codes) button press information eeprom array encoder key 32 bits of encrypted data serial number received information decrypted synchronization counter check for match check for match k ee l oq ? algorithm decryption sync counter serial number manufacturer code 40158f.book page 25 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 26 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 4.4 iff decoder operation in a typical iff decoder, the key generation on the decoder side is done by reading the serial number from a token and combining that with the manufacturer?s code to recreate the encoder key that is stored on the token. the decoder polls for the presence of a token. once detected the decoder reads the serial number. if the token has been learned, the decoder sends a chal- lenge and reads the token?s response. the decoder uses the encoder key stored in eeprom and decrypt response. the decrypt response is compared to the challenge. if they match the appropriate output is acti- vated. figure 4-7: typical iff decoder operation figure 4-8: basic operation of an iff receiver (decoder) start to ke n detected? read serial does serial number match? send challenge and read decrypt the response does challenge & match? execute command no no no ye s ye s ye s response number decrypt response iff key serial number k ee l oq ? iff algorithm decrypted eeprom array manufacturer code serial number response check for match response written to HCS410 challenge information read from HCS410 40158f.book page 26 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 27 5.0 development support the pic ? microcontrollers and dspic ? digital signal controllers are supported with a full range of software and hardware development tools: ? integrated development environment - mplab ? ide software ? compilers/assemblers/linkers - mplab c compiler for various device families - hi-tech c for various device families - mpasm tm assembler -mplink tm object linker/ mplib tm object librarian - mplab assembler/linker/librarian for various device families ? simulators - mplab sim software simulator ?emulators - mplab real ice? in-circuit emulator ? in-circuit debuggers - mplab icd 3 - pickit? 3 debug express ? device programmers - pickit? 2 programmer - mplab pm3 device programmer ? low-cost demonstration/development boards, evaluation kits, and starter kits 5.1 mplab integrated development environment software the mplab ide software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16/32-bit microcontroller market. the mplab ide is a windows ? operating system-based application that contains: ? a single graphical interface to all debugging tools - simulator - programmer (sold separately) - in-circuit emulator (sold separately) - in-circuit debugger (sold separately) ? a full-featured editor with color-coded context ? a multiple project manager ? customizable data windows with direct edit of contents ? high-level source code debugging ? mouse over variable inspection ? drag and drop variables from source to watch windows ? extensive on-line help ? integration of select third party tools, such as iar c compilers the mplab ide allows you to: ? edit your source files (either c or assembly) ? one-touch compile or assemble, and download to emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) ? debug using: - source files (c or assembly) - mixed c and assembly - machine code mplab ide supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost-effective simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. this eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility and power. 40158f.book page 27 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 28 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 5.2 mplab c compilers for various device families the mplab c compiler code development systems are complete ansi c compilers for microchip?s pic18, pic24 and pic32 families of microcontrollers and the dspic30 and dspic33 families of digital signal control- lers. these compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use. for easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the mplab ide debugger. 5.3 hi-tech c for various device families the hi-tech c compiler code development systems are complete ansi c compilers for microchip?s pic family of microcontrollers and the dspic family of digital signal controllers. these compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, omniscient code generation and ease of use. for easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the mplab ide debugger. the compilers include a macro assembler, linker, pre- processor, and one-step driver, and can run on multiple platforms. 5.4 mpasm assembler the mpasm assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for pic10/12/16/18 mcus. the mpasm assembler generates relocatable object files for the mplink object linker, intel ? standard hex files, map files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute lst files that contain source lines and generated machine code and coff files for debugging. the mpasm assembler features include: ? integration into mplab ide projects ? user-defined macros to streamline assembly code ? conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files ? directives that allow complete control over the assembly process 5.5 mplink object linker/ mplib object librarian the mplink object linker combines relocatable objects created by the mpasm assembler and the mplab c18 c compiler. it can link relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. the mplib object librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of precompiled code. when a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. this allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. the object linker/library features include: ? efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files ? enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together ? flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction 5.6 mplab assembler, linker and librarian for various device families mplab assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for pic24, pic32 and dspic devices. mplab c compiler uses the assembler to produce its object file. the assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an executable file. notable features of the assembler include: ? support for the entire device instruction set ? support for fixed-point and floating-point data ? command line interface ? rich directive set ? flexible macro language ? mplab ide compatibility 40158f.book page 28 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 29 5.7 mplab sim software simulator the mplab sim software simulator allows code development in a pc-hosted environment by simulat- ing the pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs on an instruction level. on any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a comprehensive stimulus controller. registers can be logged to files for further run-time analysis. the trace buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of the simulator to record and track program execution, actions on i/o, most peripherals and internal registers. the mplab sim software simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the mplab c compilers, and the mpasm and mplab assemblers. the soft- ware simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the hardware laboratory envi- ronment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool. 5.8 mplab real ice in-circuit emulator system mplab real ice in-circuit emulator system is microchip?s next generation high-speed emulator for microchip flash dsc and mcu devices. it debugs and programs pic ? flash mcus and dspic ? flash dscs with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of the mplab integrated development environment (ide), included with each kit. the emulator is connected to the design engineer?s pc using a high-speed usb 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with either a connector compatible with in- circuit debugger systems (rj11) or with the new high- speed, noise tolerant, low-voltage differential signal (lvds) interconnection (cat5). the emulator is field upgradable through future firmware downloads in mplab ide. in upcoming releases of mplab ide, new devices will be supported, and new features will be added. mplab real ice offers significant advantages over competitive emulators including low-cost, full-speed emulation, run-time variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters) interconnection cables. 5.9 mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger system mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger system is micro- chip's most cost effective high-speed hardware debugger/programmer for microchip flash digital sig- nal controller (dsc) and microcontroller (mcu) devices. it debugs and programs pic ? flash microcon- trollers and dspic ? dscs with the powerful, yet easy- to-use graphical user interface of mplab integrated development environment (ide). the mplab icd 3 in-circuit debugger probe is con- nected to the design engineer's pc using a high-speed usb 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with a connector compatible with the mplab icd 2 or mplab real ice systems (rj-11). mplab icd 3 supports all mplab icd 2 headers. 5.10 pickit 3 in-circuit debugger/ programmer and pickit 3 debug express the mplab pickit 3 allows debugging and program- ming of pic ? and dspic ? flash microcontrollers at a most affordable price point using the powerful graphical user interface of the mplab integrated development environment (ide). the mplab pickit 3 is connected to the design engineer's pc using a full speed usb interface and can be connected to the target via an microchip debug (rj-11) connector (compatible with mplab icd 3 and mplab real ice). the connector uses two device i/o pins and the reset line to imple- ment in-circuit debugging and in-circuit serial pro- gramming?. the pickit 3 debug express include the pickit 3, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and cdrom with user?s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and mplab ide software. 40158f.book page 29 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 30 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 5.11 pickit 2 development programmer/debugger and pickit 2 debug express the pickit? 2 development programmer/debugger is a low-cost development tool with an easy to use inter- face for programming and debugging microchip?s flash families of microcontrollers. the full featured windows ? programming interface supports baseline (pic10f, pic12f5xx, pic16f5xx), midrange (pic12f6xx, pic16f), pic18f, pic24, dspic30, dspic33, and pic32 families of 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers, and many microchip serial eeprom products. with microchip?s powerful mplab integrated development environment (ide) the pickit? 2 enables in-circuit debugging on most pic ? microcon- trollers. in-circuit-debugging runs, halts and single steps the program while the pic microcontroller is embedded in the application. when halted at a break- point, the file registers can be examined and modified. the pickit 2 debug express include the pickit 2, demo board and microcontroller, hookup cables and cdrom with user?s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and mplab ide software. 5.12 mplab pm3 device programmer the mplab pm3 device programmer is a universal, ce compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at v ddmin and v ddmax for maximum reliability. it features a large lcd display (128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu- lar, detachable socket assembly to support various package types. the icsp? cable assembly is included as a standard item. in stand-alone mode, the mplab pm3 device programmer can read, verify and program pic devices without a pc connection. it can also set code protection in this mode. the mplab pm3 connects to the host pc via an rs-232 or usb cable. the mplab pm3 has high-speed communications and optimized algorithms for quick programming of large memory devices and incorporates an mmc card for file storage and data applications. 5.13 demonstration/development boards, evaluation kits, and starter kits a wide variety of demonstration, development and evaluation boards for various pic mcus and dspic dscs allows quick application development on fully func- tional systems. most boards include prototyping areas for adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware and source code for examination and modification. the boards support a variety of features, including leds, temperature sensors, switches, speakers, rs-232 interfaces, lcd displays, potentiometers and additional eeprom memory. the demonstration and development boards can be used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom circuits and for learning about various microcontroller applications. in addition to the picdem? and dspicdem? demon- stration/development board series of circuits, microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for analog filter design, k ee l oq ? security ics, can, irda ? , powersmart battery management, seeval ? evaluation system, sigma-delta adc, flow rate sensing, plus many more. also available are starter kits that contain everything needed to experience the specified device. this usually includes a single application and debug capability, all on one board. check the microchip web page (www.microchip.com) for the complete list of demonstration, development and evaluation kits. 40158f.book page 30 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 31 6.0 electrical characteristics table 6-1: absolute maximum rating symbol item rating units v dd supply voltage -0.3 to 6.6 v v in * input voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v v out output voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v i out max output current 50 ma t stg storage temperature -55 to +125 c (note) t lsol lead soldering temp 300 c (note) v esd esd rating (human body model) 4000 v note: stresses above those listed under ?absolute m aximum ratings? may caus e permanent damage to the device. * if a battery is inserted in reverse, the protection circuitry switches on, protecting the device and draining the battery. table 6-2: dc and transponder characteristics commercial (c): t amb = 0c to 70c industrial (i): t amb = -40c to 85c 2.0v < v dd < 6.3v parameter symbol min typ (1) max unit conditions average operating current (2) i dd (avg) ? 50 160 100 300 a v dd = 3.0v v dd = 6.3v programming current i ddp ?1.0 2.2 1.8 3.5 ma v dd = 3.0v v dd = 6.3v standby current i dds ? 0.1 100 na high level input voltage v ih 0.55 v dd ?v dd + 0.3 v low level input voltage v il -0.3 ? 0.15 v dd v high level output voltage v oh 0.8 v dd 0.8 v dd ?? v v dd = 2v, i oh =- .45 ma v dd = 6.3v, i oh ,= -2 ma low level output voltage v ol ? ? ? ? 0.08 v dd 0.08 v dd v v dd = 2v, i oh = 0.5 ma v dd = 6.3v,i oh = 5ma led output current i led 3.0 4.0 7.0 ma v dd = 3.0v, v led = 1.5v switch input resistor rs 40 60 80 k pwm input resistor r pwm 80 120 160 k lc input current i lc ? ? 10.0 ma v lcc =15 v p - p lc input clamp voltage v lcc ?15? vi lc <10 ma lc induced output current v ddi ?5.0mav lcc > 10v lc induced output voltage v ddv 5.0 4.5 6.3 5.6 6.8 6.8 v 10 v < v lcc , i dd = 0 ma 10 v < v lcc , i dd = -1 ma carrier frequency fc ? 125 ? khz external lc inductor value l ? 900 ? h external lc capacitor value c ? 1.8 ? nf note 1: typical values at 25c. 2: no load connected. 3: lc inputs are clamped at 15 volts. 40158f.book page 31 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 32 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 6-1: power up and transmit timing table 6-3: power up and transmit timing requirements v dd = +2.0v to 6.3v commercial (c):t amb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i): t amb = -40 c to +85 c parameter symbol min typ. max unit remarks time to second button press t bp 44 + code word time 58 + code word time 63 + code word time ms (note 1) transmit delay from button detect t td 39 44 48 ms (note 2) debounce delay t db 31 35 39 ms auto-shutoff time-out period t to 18 20 22 s (note 3) note 1: t bp is the time in which a second button can be pressed without completion of the first code word and the intention was to press the combination of buttons. 2: transmit delay maximum value if the previous transmission was successfully transmitted. 3: the auto-shutoff timeout period is not tested. button press sn detect t db pwm t td code word transmission t to code word 1 code word 2 code word 3 code word n t bp 40158f.book page 32 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 33 figure 6-2: HCS410 norm alized te vs. temp table 6-4: code word transmission timing parameters?pwm modet v dd = +2.0v to 6.3v commercial (c): t amb = 0c to +70c industrial (i): t amb = -40c to +85c code words transmitted bsl1 = 0, bsl0 = 0 bsl1 = 0, bsl0 = 1 symbol characteristic number of t e min. typ. max. number of t e min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 1 360 400 440 1 180.0 200.0 220.0 s t bp pwm bit pulse width 3 1080 1200 1320 3 540.0 600.0 660.0 s t p preamble duration 32 12 12.8 14 32 5.76 6.0 7.04 ms t h header duration 10 3.6 4.0 4.4 10 1.80 2.0 2.20 ms t hop code hopping duration 96 35 38.4 42 96 17.28 19.20 21.12 ms t fix fixed code duration 111 39.96 44.4 48.84 111 19.98 22.20 24.42 ms t g guard time 46 16.6 18.4 20.2 46 8.3 9.6 10.1 ms ? total transmit time 295 106.2 118.0 129.8 295 53.1 59.0 64.9 ms note: the timing parameters are not tested bu t derived from the oscillator clock. v dd = +2.0v to 6.3v commercial (c): t amb = 0c to +70c industrial (i): t amb = -40c to +85c code words transmitted bsl1 = 1, bsl0 = 0 bsl1 = 0, bsl0 = 1 symbol characteristic number of t e min. typ. max. number of t e min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 1 180.0 200.0 220.0 1 90.0 100.0 110.0 s t bp pwm bit pulse width 3 540.0 600.0 660.0 3 270.0 300.0 330.0 s t p preamble duration 32 5.76 6.0 7.04 32 2.88 3.0 3.52 ms t h header duration 10 1.80 2.0 2.20 10 0.90 1.0 1.10 ms t hop code hopping duration 96 17.28 19.20 21.12 96 8.64 9.60 10.56 ms t fix fixed code duration 111 19.98 22.2 24.42 111 9.99 11.1 12.21 ms t g guard time 46 8.3 9.6 10.1 46 41 4.6 5.1 ms ? total transmit time 295 53.1 59.0 64.9 295 26.6 29.5 32.5 ms note: the timing parameters are not tested bu t derived from the oscillator clock. 0.94 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.90 t e min. t e max. v dd legend = 2.0v = 3.0v = 6.0v ty p i c a l t e temperature c -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 note: values are for calibrated oscillator. 40158f.book page 33 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 34 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 6-3: typical voltage trip points table 6-5: code word transmission timing parameters?manchester mode v dd = +2.0v to 6.3v commercial (c): t amb = 0c to +70c industrial (i): t amb = -40c to +85c code words transmitted bsl1 = 0, bsl0 = 0 bsl1 = 0, bsl0 = 1 symbol characteristic number of t e min. typ. max. number of t e min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 1 720.0 800.0 880.0 1 360.0 400.0 440.0 s t p preamble duration 32 23.04 25.60 28.16 32 11.52 12.80 14.08 ms t h header duration 4 2.88 3.20 3.52 4 1.44 1.60 1.76 ms t start start bit 2 1.44 1.60 1.76 2 0.72 0.80 0.88 ms t hop code hopping duration 64 46.08 51.20 56.32 64 23.04 25.60 28.16 ms t fix fixed code duration 74 53.28 59.20 65.12 74 26.64 29.60 32.56 ms t stop stop bit 2 1.44 1.60 1.76 2 0.72 0.80 0.88 ms t g guard time 32 23.0 25.6 28.2 32 11.5 12.8 14.1 ms ? total transmit time 210 151.2 168 184.8 210 75.6 84.0 92.4 ms note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. v dd = +2.0v to 6.3v commercial (c): t amb = 0c to +70c industrial (i): t amb = -40c to +85c code words transmitted bsl1 = 1, bsl0 = 0 bsl1 = 1, bsl0 = 1 symbol characteristic number of t e min. typ. max. number of t e min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 1 360.0 400.0 440.0 1 180.0 200.0 220.0 s t p preamble duration 32 11.52 12.80 14.08 32 5.76 6.40 7.04 ms t h header duration 4 1.44 1.60 1.76 4 0.72 0.80 0.88 ms t start start bit 2 0.72 0.80 0.88 2 0.36 0.40 0.44 ms t hop code hopping duration 64 23.04 25.60 28.16 64 11.52 12.80 14.08 ms t fix fixed code duration 74 26.64 29.60 32.56 74 13.32 14.8 16.28 ms t stop stop bit 2 0.72 0.80 0.88 2 0.36 0.40 0.44 ms t g guard time 32 11.5 12.8 14.1 32 5.8 6.4 7.0 ms ? total transmit time 210 75.6 84.0 92.4 210 37.8 42.0 46.2 ms note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. v low volts (v) -40 05085 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.6 te m p ( c ) v low sel = 0 4.4 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.8 5.0 v low sel = 1 2.8 nominal v low trip point legend 40158f.book page 34 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 35 7.0 packaging information 7.1 package marking information 8-lead pdip example 8-lead soic example xxxxxxxx xxxxxnnn yyww hcs301 xxxxxnnn 0025 xxxxxxx xxxyyww nnn hcs301 xxx0025 nnn legend: xx...x customer specific information* y year code (last digit of calendar year) yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) nnn alphanumeric traceability code note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. * standard pic ? mcu device marking consists of microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. for pic device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. please check with your microchip sales office. for qtp devices, any special marking adders are included in qtp price. 40158f.book page 35 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 36 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 7.2 package details n e1 note 1 d 12 3 a a1 a2 l b1 b e e eb c 40158f.book page 36 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 37 note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 40158f.book page 37 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 38 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 40158f.book page 38 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 39 40158f.book page 39 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 40 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. appendix a: additional information microchip?s secure data products are covered by some or all of the following: code hopping encoder patents issued in european countries and u.s.a. secure learning patents issued in european countries, u.s.a. and r.s.a. revision history revision f (june 2011) ? updated the following sections: development sup- port, the microchip web site, reader response and HCS410 product identification system ? added new section appendix a ? minor formatting and text changes were incorporated throughout the document 40158f.book page 40 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 41 the microchip web site microchip provides online support via our www site at www.microchip.com. this web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. accessible by using your favorite internet browser, the web site contains the following information: ? product support ? data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user?s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software ? general technical support ? frequently asked questions (faq), technical support requests, online discussion groups, microchip consultant program member listing ? business of microchip ? product selector and ordering guides, latest microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives customer change notification service microchip?s customer notification service helps keep customers current on microchip products. subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. to register, access the microchip web site at www.microchip.com. under ?support?, click on ?customer change notification? and follow the registration instructions. customer support users of microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: ? distributor or representative ? local sales office ? field application engineer (fae) ? technical support ? development systems information line customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (fae) for support. local sales offices are also available to help customers. a listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. technical support is available through the web site at: http://microchip.com/support 40158f.book page 41 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 42 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. reader response it is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your microchip product. if you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please fax your comments to the technical publications manager at (480) 792-4150. please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. to: technical publications manager re: reader response total pages sent ________ from: name company address city / state / zip / country telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ application (optional): would you like a reply? y n device: literature number: questions: fax: (______) _________ - _________ ds40158f HCS410 1. what are the best features of this document? 2. how does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? if not, why? 4. what additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. what deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. how would you improve this document? 40158f.book page 42 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 43 HCS410 product iden tification system to order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or de livery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. package: p = plastic dip (300 mil body), 8-lead sn = plastic soic (150 mil body), 8-lead st = tssop (4.4 mm body), 8-lead temperature range: blank = 0c to +70c i = ?40c to +85c device: HCS410 code hopping encoder HCS410t code hopping encoder (tape and reel) HCS410 ? /p 40158f.book page 43 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
HCS410 ds40158f-page 44 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes: 40158f.book page 44 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds40158f-page 45 information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. it is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. microchip makes no representations or warranties of any kind whether express or implied, written or oral, statutory or otherwise, related to the information, including but not limited to its condition, quality, performance, merchantability or fitness for purpose . microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. use of microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer?s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. no licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any microchip intellectual property rights. trademarks the microchip name and logo, the microchip logo, dspic, k ee l oq , k ee l oq logo, mplab, pic, picmicro, picstart, pic 32 logo, rfpic and uni/o are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. filterlab, hampshire, hi-tech c, linear active thermistor, mxdev, mxlab, seeval and the embedded control solutions company are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. analog-for-the-digital age, application maestro, codeguard, dspicdem, dspicdem.net, dspicworks, dsspeak, ecan, economonitor, fansense, hi-tide, in-circuit serial programming, icsp, mindi, miwi, mpasm, mplab certified logo, mplib, mplink, mtouch, omniscient code generation, picc, picc-18, picdem, picdem.net, pickit, pictail, real ice, rflab, select mode, total endurance, tsharc, uniwindriver, wiperlock and zena are trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. sqtp is a service mark of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. all other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ? 2011, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. printed on recycled paper. isbn: 978-1-61341-226-8 note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices: ? microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular microchip data sheet. ? microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used i n the intended manner and under normal conditions. ? there are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. all of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in microchip?s data sheets. most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. ? microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. ? neither microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as ?unbreakable.? code protection is constantly evolving. we at microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. attempts to break microchip?s code protection feature may be a violation of the digital millennium copyright act. if such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that act. microchip received iso/ts-16949:2002 ce rtification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabric ation facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona; gresham, oregon a nd design centers in california and india. the company?s qualit y system processes and procedures are for its pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms, microper ipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. in addition, microchip? s quality system for the design and manufacture of development syst ems is iso 9001:2000 certified. 40158f.book page 45 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am
ds40158f-page 46 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. americas corporate office 2355 west chandler blvd. chandler, az 85224-6199 tel: 480-792-7200 fax: 480-792-7277 technical support: http://www.microchip.com/ support web address: www.microchip.com atlanta duluth, ga tel: 678-957-9614 fax: 678-957-1455 boston westborough, ma tel: 774-760-0087 fax: 774-760-0088 chicago itasca, il tel: 630-285-0071 fax: 630-285-0075 cleveland independence, oh tel: 216-447-0464 fax: 216-447-0643 dallas addison, tx tel: 972-818-7423 fax: 972-818-2924 detroit farmington hills, mi tel: 248-538-2250 fax: 248-538-2260 indianapolis noblesville, in tel: 317-773-8323 fax: 317-773-5453 los angeles mission viejo, ca tel: 949-462-9523 fax: 949-462-9608 santa clara santa clara, ca tel: 408-961-6444 fax: 408-961-6445 toronto mississauga, ontario, canada tel: 905-673-0699 fax: 905-673-6509 asia/pacific asia pacific office suites 3707-14, 37th floor tower 6, the gateway harbour city, kowloon hong kong tel: 852-2401-1200 fax: 852-2401-3431 australia - sydney tel: 61-2-9868-6733 fax: 61-2-9868-6755 china - beijing tel: 86-10-8569-7000 fax: 86-10-8528-2104 china - chengdu tel: 86-28-8665-5511 fax: 86-28-8665-7889 china - chongqing tel: 86-23-8980-9588 fax: 86-23-8980-9500 china - hangzhou tel: 86-571-2819-3180 fax: 86-571-2819-3189 china - hong kong sar tel: 852-2401-1200 fax: 852-2401-3431 china - nanjing tel: 86-25-8473-2460 fax: 86-25-8473-2470 china - qingdao tel: 86-532-8502-7355 fax: 86-532-8502-7205 china - shanghai tel: 86-21-5407-5533 fax: 86-21-5407-5066 china - shenyang tel: 86-24-2334-2829 fax: 86-24-2334-2393 china - shenzhen tel: 86-755-8203-2660 fax: 86-755-8203-1760 china - wuhan tel: 86-27-5980-5300 fax: 86-27-5980-5118 china - xian tel: 86-29-8833-7252 fax: 86-29-8833-7256 china - xiamen tel: 86-592-2388138 fax: 86-592-2388130 china - zhuhai tel: 86-756-3210040 fax: 86-756-3210049 asia/pacific india - bangalore tel: 91-80-3090-4444 fax: 91-80-3090-4123 india - new delhi tel: 91-11-4160-8631 fax: 91-11-4160-8632 india - pune tel: 91-20-2566-1512 fax: 91-20-2566-1513 japan - yokohama tel: 81-45-471- 6166 fax: 81-45-471-6122 korea - daegu tel: 82-53-744-4301 fax: 82-53-744-4302 korea - seoul tel: 82-2-554-7200 fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 malaysia - kuala lumpur tel: 60-3-6201-9857 fax: 60-3-6201-9859 malaysia - penang tel: 60-4-227-8870 fax: 60-4-227-4068 philippines - manila tel: 63-2-634-9065 fax: 63-2-634-9069 singapore tel: 65-6334-8870 fax: 65-6334-8850 taiwan - hsin chu tel: 886-3-6578-300 fax: 886-3-6578-370 taiwan - kaohsiung tel: 886-7-213-7830 fax: 886-7-330-9305 taiwan - taipei tel: 886-2-2500-6610 fax: 886-2-2508-0102 thailand - bangkok tel: 66-2-694-1351 fax: 66-2-694-1350 europe austria - wels tel: 43-7242-2244-39 fax: 43-7242-2244-393 denmark - copenhagen tel: 45-4450-2828 fax: 45-4485-2829 france - paris tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 germany - munich tel: 49-89-627-144-0 fax: 49-89-627-144-44 italy - milan tel: 39-0331-742611 fax: 39-0331-466781 netherlands - drunen tel: 31-416-690399 fax: 31-416-690340 spain - madrid tel: 34-91-708-08-90 fax: 34-91-708-08-91 uk - wokingham tel: 44-118-921-5869 fax: 44-118-921-5820 worldwide sales and service 05/02/11 40158f.book page 46 wednesday, june 1, 2011 10:36 am

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